Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best - 1554 Words

Written Assignments: CS1_Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best Description: Read the Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best case study and answer the three discussion questions. Instructions: Write your responses to the discussion questions in a Word document and upload it for grading. 1 Build the management-research question hierarchy for Ramada. Ramada’s Management-Research Question Hierarchy Clarifying the Research Question Discover the Management Dilemma Trends show that customer satisfaction is decreasing in the hospitality industry. Define the Management Question What can RFS do to ensure its customer service rating does not decline? Define the Research Question(s) What are the factors contribute towards customer†¦show more content†¦- American Hotel and Motel Educational Institute to learn what other companies were doing correctly to identify and hire the right people. - Unifocus to conduct in-depth guest surveys at every property as the Personal Best program roll out. - D. K. Shifflet –continued to subscribe to its syndicated research on customer satisfaction. RFS also used internal research suppliers in that it sent twenty-four researches spanned out to visit management and employees from each of its 900 sites within a six-month period. The information collection team recorded all input and a detailed summary form was generated for each property. With all the information gathered from the internal and external research suppliers, RFS determined to implement the Personal Best program e What sampling methodology was used? Why was this appropriate for this study? Answer: The probability sampling methodology was used in this case study. This type of sampling methodology was appropriate because RFS management dilemma was specific to the hospitality industry. Target audience of the research being conducted was specifically from Ramada hotel locations. The companies being research on how they were correctly identifying and hiring the right people were companies within theShow MoreRelatedRamada Demonstrates Its Personal Best - a Case Study1329 Words   |  6 PagesRamada Demonstrates Its Personal Best - A Case Study Ramada, like most mid-tier hotels, had become stagnant in customer service ratings. Management of Ramada Franchise Systems (RFS) knew that it was only a matter of time before ratings began to drop and true problems developed. RFS knew it was time to address the situation at hand. In doing so, RFS went to some of the leaders in customer service – Disney, Southwest Airlines, and Carlson Hospitality. RFS knew up front that one of the largestRead MoreEssay Ramada Demonstrates Its Personal Best - A Case Study1264 Words   |  6 PagesRamada Demonstrates Its Personal Best - A Case Study Ramada, like most mid-tier hotels, had become stagnant in customer service ratings. 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Ascom Hasler Mailing System Free Essays

string(30) " the top 200 recipients of U\." Professor of Marketing and International Business and Director of the Institute for Global Business Strategy, Lubin School of Business, Pace University, New York. This case should be used as the basis for classroom discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of the issues described in the case. Copyright  © Institute for Global Business Strategy, Pace University History and Evolution of the Industry INTRODUCTION On a beautiful fall day in New England at the end of the millennium, Michael Allocca, president of Ascom Hasler Mailing Systems, Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Ascom Hasler Mailing System or any similar topic only for you Order Now as struggling with the question of how to move his company beyond its position as one of the three dwarfs of the postage meter industry. Although his company had achieved the greatest share gain of any competitor in the U. S. between 1985 and 1997, he was not complacent. He was number three in the U. S. market, and number one still had more that 85 percent of the total market. Moreover, there were technological, market, and regulatory changes occurring that opened up entry possibilities for new entrants who had in effect been blocked from entry to the industry for the past half-century and longer. Globalization had come to the sleepy postage meter industry with a vengeance, and Mr. Allocca was worried. He knew that he needed a strategy to improve his position, and questioned in his own mind whether he had one. He remembered the famous Von Clauswitz maxim: â€Å"the best strategy is to be everywhere very strong: first generally and then at the decisive point. † Easy to say, he thought, but how could he be strong as a dwarf in the industry? And, furthermore, what was the decisive point? HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE U. S. POSTAGE METER INDUSTRYIn 1920, Arthur Pitney and Walter Bowes received approval from the United States Post Office to market a device they had invented which they called a postage meter. The postage meter was a complex mechanical device that provided the secure storing of fund information, the dispensing of postage, and the printing of indicia on envelopes or tape. It was a convenient replacement for the postage stamp in higher-volume mail applications. Pitney Bowes, Inc. was born, and a manufacturing and corporate facility was established in Stamford, Connecticut.At about the same time, similar companies were independently established in Europe. Today there are four major players globally. Pitney Bowes (PB), remaining the largest by far, has three European counterparts. Since its beginning, PB has aggressively defended its market share. Today, after the infiltration by three foreign competitors, it still retains about 85 percent of the U. S. market. It has very effectively used its portfolio of over 3000 patents as a weapon and barrier to the entry of other competitors. In 1959, the U. S. Justice Department challenged PB’s monopoly.As part of the consent decree that resulted, PB was required to license its patents, royalty-free. This and other constraints were lifted late in the 1960s, however, it 1 Ascom Hasler Mailing Systems Inc. still offers its patents for a royalty fee to avoid further confrontation with the Justice Department and the U. S. Postal Service (USPS). While there has been substantial growth in electronic communications, facsimile, and other substitutes for the postal service, mail continues to grow and to be a costeffective, major source of information transfer in the United States. Each year the USPS delivers over 100 billion pieces of mail through over 38,000 post offices, to over 130 million delivery points. The USPS handles 41 percent of the world’s mail volume, over 630 million pieces every day. The next largest postal service market is in Japan, which handles 6 percent of the world’s mail volume. With its budget of over $50 billion, and over 750,000 career employees, if the USPS were in the Fortune 500, it would be ranked number eight. While they have some presence in most developed countries around the globe, all postage meter manufacturers concentrate their efforts in five main markets: the U.S. , Canada, France, Germany, and the U. K. THE MAJOR PLAYERS A significant measure of U. S. market share is the division of the installed base of postage meters on rental, published quarterly by the USPS. The following table is an indication of recent trends: 1985 Units 956,987 52,077 21,007 15,227 1990 Units 1,156,585 67,277 64,018 15,227 1995 Units 1,303,106 87,912 104,412 23,363 1,518,793 1998 Units 1,399,156 123,367 118,774 46,497 1,687,794 PB Neopost Ascom Postalia Totals % 91. 6 5. 0 2. 0 1. 4 % 88. 6 5. 1 4. 9 1. 4 % 85. 8 5. 8 6. 9 1. 5 100 % 82. 9 7. 3 7. 0 2. 8 100 ,045,29 100 1,303,107 100 8 Figures represent installed meters at year-end. PITNEY BOWES Pitney Bowes, clearly the world leader in the manufacture and sale of mailing equipment, in 1998 had total revenues that exceeded $4. 2 billion. Revenue from the sales and financing of mailing equipment, related supplies and services, and postage meters, exceeded $2. 7 billion. The remaining revenue comes primarily from its Office Solutions business, which includes the sale, financing, rental, and service of reprographic and facsimile equipment and related supplies and facilities management services. PB’s historically-strong financial performance is based upon the foundation of its postage meter rental base and equipment leasing business. Fortune Magazine, in its April 27, 1998 issue, ranked PB number one in the Office Equipment Industry Group for Net 3 Neopost Operating Profit Margin, Return on Stockholder’s Equity, 3-Year Total Return, and 10Year Total Return. In its mailing equipment business, PB offers the most comprehensive product line, including postage meter machines, letter folders, inserters, openers, addressing machines, PC-based mailing and shipping systems.It offers more â€Å"one-stop-shopping† opportunities than any of its competitors. It prides itself on being a product innovator and uses its huge patent portfolio to defend its inventions and to provide an entry barrier to would-be encroachers in its highly valued and protected market. PB ranked among the top 200 recipients of U. You read "Ascom Hasler Mailing System" in category "Papers" S. patents for 13 years in a row. In 1998, it spent over $100 million in research and development, and was awarded 124 patents, with 44 percent more than in 1997, its highest year ever. PB has a precedent for effectively using its patent clout when each of its foreign competitors attempted to introduce electronic postage meters into the market. When competitors introduced new products into PB’s home market, its strong technology base allowed it to respond quickly. It did so when Neopost introduced the first electronic postage meter, when Ascom Hasler introduced the first modular machines, and when Francotyp-Postalia introduced the first digital-printing meters. It is trying to do so again, as two California start-ups introduced the first web-based postage systems.A primary ingredient in PB’s formula for domination of the U. S. market has been its direct-sales organization, consisting of over 100 branch offices and thousands of sales and service representatives distributed throughout the country. In 1998, it mounted a new distribution initiative to address the fast growing SOHO (Small Office, Home Office) market, with the creation of its â€Å"Office Direct† business unit. It will provide channels for PB’s future web-based products and lower-ticket-items that cannot support direct sales. Channels include telemarketing, direct-mail marketing, television, the Internet, and retail office-supply store chains.For the first time in its history, PB has boldly turned to an â€Å"outsider† (Brother of Japan) for the development and production of a core product, risking the potential creation of a formidable future competitor. It did so to produce a stand-alone meter product with very low cost to target a new market of very low mail volume users. It is using direct marketing and, again for the first time, TV advertising to convince these lowmail-volume users to switch from stamps to a cost-effective postage meter. PB very effectively uses its wholly-owned subsidia ry, Pitney Bowes Credit Corporation, to lease its mailing systems products. Once â€Å"captured,† a customer is continually revisited for lease renewal. NEOPOST Neopost, based in Paris, France, started in the mailing equipment business at about the same time as PB. Its U. S. subsidiary began in 1933 as Friden, a California- 3 Ascom Hasler Mailing Systems Inc. based calculator company. It later expanded into the mailing equipment business, becoming the second U. S. supplier. It was later merged with Roneo, a British company that had been in the mailing equipment business since the 1930s. Neopost manufactures in France and in the U. K. The company prides itself on being a technical innovator in its new products.Friden had the distinction, in 1979, of introducing the first electronic postage meter, before PB. At the time of the decertification of mechanical meters by the USPS, Neopost had mostly electronic meters in the U. S. market, and was therefore less negatively impacted than its competitors. It has a full product-line offering, manufacturing a line of letter folders and inserters and OEM’ing PC-based mail/shipping management systems to round-out its product line. It was quick to develop a digital thermal transfer meter after Francotyp-Postalia, and also got an early start in developing internet-based postageevidencing products.Neopost USA has its headquarters in Union City, California, where it employs about 250 people. It distributes its products through 22 direct field offices in major markets and over 150 independent dealers. Total U. S. employment is over 1300. Like PB, it also has its own subsidiary that provides equipment leasing to its customers. ASCOM HASLER MAILING SYSTEMS Ascom A. G. (Ascom), a $2 billion corporation headquartered in Bern, Switzerland, focuses two-thirds of its business in the telecommunications market in the areas of carrier access, PBX, paging, defense and security systems and terminals. The remaining third of its business is in an area it calls â€Å"Service Automation,† which includes cash-handling systems, payphone systems, transport revenue systems (ticketing), and mailing systems (Ascom Hasler Mailing Systems [AHMS]). For at least the past 10 years, Ascom has experienced difficulty in its core business due to the privatization of the Swiss Telecom industry, which began to privatize and open its market to foreign competitors in the late 1980s. As a result, AHMS took a back seat to the needs of Ascom’s telecom core business.In recent years, its core telecommunications business has also suffered from an acquisition that resulted in a significant cash drain on the company before it failed. Investments in its non-core companies were minimized while it struggled to return its core business to profitability. As a result, AHMS fell behind all of its competitors in new product offerings. In fact, in the mid-1990s, it found itself without a low-end meter pro duct when its mechanical model was decertified by the USPS, and it had no electronic model to replace it. Ascom Hasler can trace its origin back to the same era as PB, although it has been in the U.S. only since the early 1980s. Unlike its three competitors, it distributes exclusively through a network of independent dealers in the U. S. It has no direct sales offices in the U. S and the core of its product line consists of a range of electronic mailing 4 The Products machines manufactured in Bern that still print mechanically, most of which have been installed recently to replace the USPS decertified mechanical machines. These machines are vulnerable to a further decertification by the USPS, which will ultimately require that all meters in service print digital, encrypted indicia.It is the only manufacturer that has not yet introduced a digital-printing postage meter. It is also the only manufacturer that has not announced plans to market a PC-based postage product. Over half of AHMS’s business is in the U. S. Their U. S. organization consists primarily of customer and distribution support. In the past few years, an engineering organization has been formed at its headquarters in Shelton, Connecticut, to develop software-based products for global markets and to support development efforts in Bern, Switzerland.Engineering and manufacture of the company’s core postage meter products are performed in Bern. Ascom uses a third party to lease its products. FRANCOTYP-POSTALIA Francotyp-Postalia, Inc. (FP) entered the U. S. market in 1961. It is a subsidiary of Francotyp-Postalia, A. G. , of Berlin, Germany. The parent started in 1923 as a manufacturer of special machinery and office machines and as electric equipment wholesalers. It markets its mailing products in 86 countries. The U. S. subsidiary, primarily a distributor, is located in Lisle, Illinois, and employs about 100 people.The Germanbased mailing equipment manufacturer, while a major player in its home market, has not made a noticeable impact on the market in the United States. Until recently, its product line was extremely limited, causing it to market relabeled products manufactured by Neopost in England. Until the mid-1990s, FP was the only manufacturer that was not able to offer postage meter resetting by phone. At that time, FP appeared to mount a new initiative when it built a new, modern manufacturing facility in East Berlin and launched an extensive new-product development effort.FP was the first manufacturer to introduce a postage meter named â€Å"Conquest,† which printed variable information digitally, using a dot-matrix print head and thermal transfer technology. The introduction of Conquest, and later a higher mail-volume machine using ink-jet technology to print indicia, placed FP on a new market-share growth curve, making it the fastest growing meter supplier in the U. S. In July of 1998, FP entered into a strategic partnership with E-Stamp, a start-up company pioneering on-line postage. FP has two direct sales offices in the U.S. , but uses independent mailing and office equipment dealers as its main distribution network to sell and service its products. It uses a third party to lease its products. THE PRODUCTS Early meters were totally mechanical and utilized an electric motor to drive a rotary drum containing a print die of the indicia. When cost-effective electronics and 5 Ascom Hasler Mailing Systems Inc. microprocessors became available in the mid-1970s, they were utilized in postage meter design to provide keyboard input, display, calculation, and control.A motor-driven print drum was still used to deliver the indicia to the envelope or tape. The transition from mechanical to electronic/software devices proved to be a challenge for all manufacturers. In addition to postage meters, manufacturers also produce mailing machines that allow for the automatic feeding, sealing, and stacking of mail at various speeds. Postage meters are mounted on these machines to perform the printing of postage indicia within the mail feeding-stacking process. In this configuration, the meter is rented and owned by the manufacturer (by U.S. postal regulation), while the mailing machine is sold. Other peripheral products, including postal scales that compute postage rates based upon weight, folders, inserters, and mail openers, as well as PC-based mail management systems are manufactured or sourced from OEM suppliers in an effort to provide a complete product line. AN AGGRESSIVE USPS CHANGES ORIENTATION A Congressional hearing in 1967 concluded that despite a huge growth in mail volume, with the exception of the ZIP Code, the mail was being handled the same way it was 100 years ago.Years of mismanagement, labor problems, poor control of operations, and transportation facilities resulted in a Post Office that was inefficient and piling up debt. Its heavily subsidized rates bore little relationship to its costs. In 1969, Congress passed the Postal Service Act, removing the Postmaster General from the President’s Cabinet, and creating a self-supporting postal corporation wholly owned by the federal government. The Post Office Department became the United States Postal Service [USPS], an independent establishment of the executive branch of the U. S. government.Operational authority transferred from the Congress to the USPS executive management and the Board of Governors. Despite this new orientation, the USPS continued to face mounting financial and competitive pressures. Substitutes for mail, including facsimile and electronic messaging and funds transfer threatened to reduce the volume of mail. Private companies, such as Federal Express, dominated the market for urgent delivery of mail and packages. On May 5, 1992, Marvin Runyon became the 70th Postmaster General of the United States. Unlike several of his predecessors, Runyon was not a postal career employee.Following a 37-year career with Ford, he became CEO of Nissan, U. S. A. In 1988, he left Nissan to take the top job at the Tennessee Valley Authority, where he was responsible for a major turnaround of the organization, achieving cumulative savings and efficiency improvements of $1. 8 billion and stable rates for the first time in 20 years. Runyon wasted no time in implementing similar cost-cutting changes at the USPS. Within six months, he built a leaner management structure, improved customer service, and increased efficiency that resulted from 47,000 voluntary employee Technology Driven Changes retirements. His actions essentially eliminated a $2 billion deficit the USPS faced in 1993, and set records for on-time performance and customer satisfaction. In 1993, Runyon targeted the postage meter as a device subject to tampering, claiming that losses to the USPS exceed $100 million annually. Meter manufacturers were criticized for not incorporating state-of-the-art technology, particularly microprocessors, making the devices inherently more tamper-proof.The new technology was not embraced because previous USPS administrations discouraged its use, and the rental business model favored the lower-cost, longer-life attributes of the simpler mechanical meters. As part of Runyon’s initiative, the USPS started a campaign to â€Å"decertify† mechanical meters and demand that they be removed from the market and be replaced by safer, electronic meters. For postage meter manufacturers this meant that their existing, profitable rental base of meters would have to be replaced and recapitalized at great cost.Compared to their mechanical counterparts, electronic meters are significantly more costly to design, produce, and maintain, and have much shorter life cycles, both factors having negative impact on the meter rental financial model. USPS Decertification Schedule announced in May of 1996: †¢ †¢ †¢ June 1, 1996: Placements of new mechanical meters would no longer be allowed. March 1, 1997: Mechanical meters used by firms processing mail for a fee would have to be removed from service.December 31, 1998: Mechanical meters mounted on machines that automatically feed, seal, and stack mail would have to be removed from se rvice. This resulted in a onetime windfall for manufacturers whose customers were required to upgrade their automatic machines to handle the newly mandated electronic meters. March 1, 1999: All remaining mechanical meters (stand-alone meters), would have to be removed from service. †¢ The new, financially oriented USPS openly encouraged the use of new technologies, promising a expedient certification process.At the same time, it used its power to start a process that would lead to the decertification and phasing-out of all mechanical meters by March 31, 1999. It also aggressively took over the funds that manufacturers were holding in trust for its customers to allow for the resetting of postage meters by phone. Manufacturers lost the interest on those funds, which they claimed helped cover costs of operating the system. PB sued the USPS for breach of contract and settled in mid-1999 for $52 million. It is expected that the other manufacturers affected will follow PB’s lead. TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN CHANGES Today, growth in the use of computers for Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT) has led to the development of technologies to ensure the safety of such transfers. Microelectronics, software, and communications technologies provide systems that are 7 Ascom Hasler Mailing Systems Inc. virtually impossible to infiltrate. Elaborate systems that encrypted data before transmission were developed to ensure security. Working closely with Carnegie Mellon University in its Information-Based Indicia Program, the USPS defined its own criteria for a system that would result in the secure printing of postage indicia.The system, developed and announced by the USPS in May 1995, is based upon encrypted Information Based Indicia (IBI). The IBI contains the following information: readable postage amount, mail class, date, device ID number, and town or licensing post office: in addition, a two-dimensional bar code which encodes the readable information as well as a digital signature (for security management), and delivery point code. Unlike the indicia produced by a die mounted on a rotary drum, each printed indicia is unique, making counterfeiting virtually impossible.Much of the new technology is covered by PBs’ patent portfolio. On June 10, 1999, PB announced that it had filed suit against E-Stamp, a new market entry, charging that E-Stamp was infringing on PB patents. At the same time, PB announced that it was involved in â€Å"discussions† with other marketers of computer-based postal products, to grant patent licenses for use of PB-developed technology. NEW MARKET ENTRIES AND THE INTERNET The USPS, as a regulator, had always been a barrier to new entrants into the postage meter business.In its new image, it has encouraged and openly promoted new entrants, and encouraged the use of new technology not requiring huge capital investments. As a result, two new, serious players have entered the market, providing a software alternative to postage stamps to a new segment of the market: the small offi ce and the home (SOHO) having Internet access. E-Stamp, a California start-up, developed a system entitled â€Å"E-Stamp Internet Postage† that allows a user to access the Internet and download postage-funds into a secure device interfaced to the user’s existing PC and printer.The secure device is rented to the user for a monthly fee. The user can draw funds from the secure device to print postal indicia developed on the PC, directly on envelopes, labels, or documents on an existing off-the-shelf PC printer. E-Stamp has received financing from Microsoft Corporation, ATT Ventures, Compaq Computer Corporation, and FP. Its management team includes computer industry veterans from Microsoft and Oracle. In the summer of 1999, its products were approved by the USPS and the company announced its intentions to go public.Stamps. com, also a California start-up, developed a system called â€Å"Stamps. com Internet Postage† that utilizes the Internet, but does not require a secure device to interface with the user’s PC. Instead, it allows users to print the USPS approved indicia on envelopes, label, or documents directly as it is transmitted over the Internet. Printing is accomplished on the user’s existing off-the-shelf PC printer. Stamps. com will charge a premium of about 10 percent for postage, which the company claims is significantly less 8 Questions for Discussion hat the 18-25 percent levied by traditional postage-meter systems. Stamps. com’s business venture partners include Intel and AOL. In the summer of 1999, its products were approved by the USPS and the company went public. While there are two on-line-postage products that have received the final approval of the USPS, there are also three additional products on test: 1. PC Stamp, a stand-alone product offered by Neopost. 2. Postage Plus, an on-line product offered by Neopost. 3. Click-stamp, a stand-alone product offered by PB (PB is also expected to offer an online product shortly).WHAT TO DO Mr. Allocca looked again at the beautiful New England landscape. He knew that the clock was ticking, and that things would never be the same for the postage meter industry. He knew that he needed a strategy, and that it had to address both the competition and the need to create a unique value. As he saw the situation, there were four options: Option one: Convince its parent company, Ascom, to significantly increase its investment in new product development, manufacturing, and marketing.To be effective in the required timeframe might require a total restructuring of the organization worldwide. Option two: Establish a partnership with a competitor, or competitors, or perhaps the USPS, to address the imbalance in the marketplace caused by the dominance of the industry giant. Option three: Phase out of the postage meter business in favor of a related business in which a competitive advantage could reasonably be realized. Perhaps a source of opportunity could be the growing population of shipments over the Internet.Use of funds from the postage meter rental base could help to fund a new venture. Option four: Ascom could divest itself of the mailing business and concentrate on its core telecommunications business. Perhaps a sale to a competitor would be a possibility. Discussion of options. Which option would you choose? Would you develop another? QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 1. Analyze the attractiveness of the U. S. postage meter-mailing equipment industry for: †¢ Pitney Bowes †¢ PB’s three foreign competitors †¢ An increasingly profit-orient USPS †¢ New Internet-based market entries. Ascom Hasler Mailing Systems Inc. 2. Develop a SWOT analysis for each of the players listed in Question 1. 3. What key issues must be considered in the development of a go-forward business strategy for each of the players listed in question 1, above? 4. Develop a scenario for how the industry structure might change in the next five years. 5. Which one of the options identified by Mr. Allocca would you choose? Why? 6. Formulate your recommended strategy for Ascom Hasler Inc. and Ascom A. G. 9 How to cite Ascom Hasler Mailing System, Papers

Political Communication Accommodation Theory †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Political Communication Accommodation Theory. Answer: Introduction ComfortDelGro Corporation is a well renowned intercontinental transport organization of Singapore. The foundation brick of Comfort was laid in the year 2003 when the amalgamation of the two famous conveyance companies of DelGro Corporation and Comfort took place. (Yew, 2012). In the past years, Comfort has enjoyed good dominance in the Singaporean taxi market. However, all is not well for Comfort in the future market vision. This unfortunate factor in the business plan of Comfort can be attributed to the rapid popularization of the modern age sharing economy among the passengers. (Frenken, 2017). The drastic high cab rental fee is the cause of the primary challenge faced by Comfort and the taxi industry in Singapore. Therefore, the primary business goal for Comfort to curb this challenge is to reduce the cab rental fee and make it pocket friendly (Kaushal, 2017). The second challenge faced by Comfort and the Singaporean taxi industry is the non-availability of clarity in the summation of the booking cost. Therefore, to make Comfort more rider friendly, the second business goal for Comfort would be to make the booking fee more intelligible. Comfort and the Singaporean taxi industry have a real peculiar rule to charge higher fees based on the congestion and distance of certain pick up points. This rule is rather ridiculous and impractical since Singapore is a small city and easily accessible. Therefore, the third business goal is to make the pick up fee consistent and precise (Zeng et al., 2014). Comfort charges extra prices during midnight ride requests. The hike in prices can vary from 50% to a whopping 80%. This makes the riders wary of pressing the request ride option on their smart phones at midnight. Therefore, the fourth business goal of Comfort would be to revise the high pricing request at midnight. Organizational Training Needs Analysis: The primary organization training need analysis would be re-modifying the rental fee structure of Comfort. The organization should train the drivers to transport the customers nonchalantly at the same upfront rental charge shown in advance, irrespective of the traffic congestion and the distance required to reach the destination. (Litman, 2015). Adequate training must be provided to the managers to calculate the booking fee accurately on the current market ride price per kilometer. Other minimal charges such as air-conditioner service; free wifi can be included in the booking cost. However, nothing extravagant must be charged. Singapore has one of the most perfectly managed traffic road systems in the world. Still, occasional delays happen at time, which is inevitable (Gaididei et al., 2013). The drivers must be trained to be always ready to pick up customers and not to cancel the request unless it is absolutely necessary. The final most important organizational needs analysis required to be undertaken by Comfort is to increase the availability of drivers at midnights by providing extra-added incentives. Doing this, Comfort can ensure its loyal and interested riders that there would not be any unreasonable hike in pricing at midnight (Agarwal et al., 2013). Expected outcomes at this stage can be improvement in the drivers performance, clarity in the pricing structure and quick availability of Comfort Cabs at reasonable charges. An ideal task (functional) analysis to determine the observable actions and tacit cognitive functions of Comfort needed for proficiency in the identified job tasks would be to measure by its financial performance and customer satisfaction rate (Artz, Homburg Rajab, 2012). Comfort must duly maintain a monthly financial assessment chart of their operations and services for all locations in Singapore. The management team of Comfort would then compare the financial assessment charts from month to month. Similarly, a rating system must be implemented in the companys portfolio, where the customers, after the ride, can rate the overall service in stars. Expected outcomes at this stage are the clear display of the monthly profit earned ratio and the customer satisfaction rate of Comfort. Individual learning needs analysis: The individual learning need of Communication must be provided to the drivers of Comfort. Drivers must be able to listen and understand clearly, what the riders want and must also be to communicate his thoughts lucidly to the riders. It would be beneficial if the drivers were provided a bilingual course as because Singapore is regarded to be one of the best multicultural cities in the world (Gallois Giles, 2015). The individual learning need of superior driving skills must be provided to the drivers. The drivers must be efficiently guided with the knowledge of all the accessible routes and lanes of the city to transport the rider to his destination point in the shortest possible time and with less traffic stoppage (Markoff, 2012). The individual learning need of advance technological skill must be provided to both the drivers and the managers. The drivers must be able to access the GPS or road tracker system while on the road such as checking the online maps for alternative routes other than the shown route to cut time and cost. (Yuan et al., 2013). The individual learning need of attitude and positive conduct must be given to the drivers. Drivers must be taught to be always on time and courteous with the riders. Drivers must try not to give an excuse to the customers to give a low rating or file a complaint against alleged misconduct or unacceptable behavior. Transportation firms are service based industries. In a service industry, there are two operations, the back stage operations and the front stage operations. The efficiency of the front stage staff matters the most in the service industry. The drivers are the front stage staff of Comfort (Agarwal et al., 2015). Therefore, the company Comfort must take adequate time and spend resources to train and develop the drivers in the most productive manner. Expected outcomes at this stage are the enhancement of the navigable, technological, and behavioral skills of the driver. Learning Outcomes: In the completion of all the above analysis, it is evident that certain learning outcomes have emerged from the discussion. They are- The taxi industry is very competitive. The learning outcome, which can be acquired from here to be designed in Assignment 3, is that Comfort must practice innovation at all levels to beat out the intense competition. Cab rental charges play a major role in the customers preference of the cab organization. The learning outcome, which can be acquired from here to be designed in Assignment 3, is that Comfort must practice reasonable pricing strategies to be more attractive to the riders. Riders really prefer abundance in the availability of cabs at odd hours of the day, such as midnight or early dawn, due to business or personal reasons. The learning outcome, which can be acquired from here to be designed in Assignment 3, is that Comfort must make moderate number of drivers available on the road to cater to the ride requests of the customers. The drivers and the management personnel must be sufficiently trained to make the riding experiences of the customers enjoyable. The learning outcome, which can be designed in Assignment 3, is that Comfort must continue to train and develop the individual learning needs of the employees on a constant basis. Conclusion In the conclusion, it can be said that the taxi industry of Singapore has the potential to revive and regain its previous stature in the Singaporean economy. The foreign cab organizations have been successful in enticing customers with their uniform pricing system and convenience and ease in accessibility. To beat this cut throat competition, Comfort make immediately take the initiative to implement and modify changes in the organizational set up and activities. References Agarwal, S., Diao, M., Pan, J., Sing, T. F. (2013). Labor Supply Decisions of Singaporean Cab Drivers.Unpublished manuscript. Agarwal, S., Diao, M., Pan, J., Sing, T. F. (2015). Are Singaporean Cabdrivers Target Earners?. Artz, M., Homburg, C., Rajab, T. (2012). Performance-measurement system design and functional strategic decision influence: The role of performance-measure properties.Accounting, organizations and society,37(7), 445-460. Frenken, K. (2017). Political economies and environmental futures for the sharing economy.Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A,375(2095), 20160367. Gaididei, Y. B., Gorria, C., Berkemer, R., Kawamoto, A., Shiga, T., Christiansen, P. L., ... Starke, J. (2013). Controlling traffic jams by time modulating the safety distance.Physical Review E,88(4), 042803. Gallois, C., Giles, H. (2015). Communication accommodation theory.The international encyclopedia of language and social interaction. Kaushal, L. A. (2017). The Rise in the Sharing Economy.Global Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation in the Sharing Economy, 113. Litman, T. (2015).Evaluating public transit benefits and costs. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Markoff, J. (2012). Incentives for drivers who avoid traffic jams.New York Times, 06-11. Yew, L. K. (2012).From third world to first: The Singapore story, 1965-2000(Vol. 2). Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. Yuan, J., Zheng, Y., Xie, X., Sun, G. (2013). T-drive: Enhancing driving directions with taxi drivers' intelligence.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,25(1), 220-232. Zeng, W., Fu, C. W., Arisona, S. M., Erath, A., Qu, H. (2014). Visualizing mobility of public transportation system.IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics,20(12), 1833-1842.

Sonnet 75 by Edmund Spenser free essay sample

Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text. RL 5 Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact. Sonnet 30 Sonnet 75 Poetry by Edmund Spenser Meet the Author Edmund Spenser 1552? –1599 did you know? Edmund Spenser . . . †¢ worked as a servant to pay for his room and board at college. wrote a satire that was censored because it insulted Queen Elizabeth I and other English notables. Although Edmund Spenser was born in London and educated in England, he spent most of his life in Ireland. It was there that he wrote one of the greatest epic romances in English literature, The Faerie Queene. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 75 by Edmund Spenser or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The poem tells the stories of six knights, each representing a particular moral virtue. Spenser was innovative in devising a new verse form, in mixing features of the Italian romance and the classical epic, and in using archaic English words. Move to Ireland In 1576, Spenser earned een taken from an Irish rebel. Spenser’s friend Sir Walter Raleigh owned a neighboring estate. Second Marriage Spenser’s courtship of a master’s degree from Pembroke College at Cambridge University. Three years later, he published his first important work of poetry, The Shepheardes Calender, which was immediately popular. It consisted of 12 pastoral poems, one for each month of the year. In 1580, Spenser became secretary to the lord deputy of y charged with defending Ireland, who was c from English settlers fro native Irish opposed colonization of Ireland. o England’s colon Spenser wrote the rest of his major poetry in Ireland, and that country’s Irelan landscape and people greatly a influenced his writing. Spenser held various civil Spens service posts during his years in po Ireland. In 1589, he was granted I a large estate surrounding es Kilcolman Castle, which had Kilcolma his second wife, Elizabeth Boyle, inspired him to write a sonnet sequence (a series of related sonnets) called Amoretti, which means â€Å"little love poems. † The details and emotions presented in the sonnets are thought to be partly autobiographical. â€Å"Sonnet 30† and  "Sonnet 75† are part of this sonnet sequence. To celebrate his marriage to Boyle in 1594, Spenser wrote the lyric poem Epithalamion. In 1598, just four years after Spenser’s marriage, Irish rebels overran his estate and burned his home. Spenser and his family had to flee through an underground tunnel. They escaped to Cork, and a few months later, Spenser traveled to London to deliver documents reporting on the problems in Ireland. He died shortly after his arrival in London. In honor of his great literary achievements, Spenser was buried near Geoffrey Chaucer—one of his favorite poets and a major influence—in what is now called the Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey. An inscription on Spenser’s monument calls him â€Å"the Prince of Poets in his time. † Author Online Go to thinkcentral. com. KEYWORD: HML12-318 318 poetic form: spenserian sonnet The Spenserian sonnet is a variation on the English sonnet, which was introduced in Britain by Sir Thomas Wyatt in the 1530s. Like the English (or Shakespearean) sonnet, the Spenserian sonnet consists of three four-line units, called quatrains, followed by two rhymed lines, called a couplet. Each quatrain addresses the poem’s central idea, thought, or question, and the couplet provides an answer or summation. What is unique to the Spenserian sonnet is the interlocking rhyme scheme (abab bcbc cdcd ee) that links the three quatrains. As you read the following Spenserian sonnets, notice the rhymes that connect one quatrain to the next, and the way in which the sonnet’s main idea is developed and resolved. What makes your heart ache? Love can bring great joy— and great sorrow. Poets and songwriters probably lament the heartache of love as much as they extol its pleasures. Anyone who falls in love knows, or soon finds out, that the ride can be bumpy. DISCUSS Think about all the things that can cause heartache in a loving relationship. Make a web of your ideas. Then share your web with a partner and compare your ideas. reading skill: summarize central ideas in poetry When you summarize a poem, you briefly restate the central ideas or themes in your own words. Summarizing a sonnet’s central ideas can help you understand and remember what you read, especially when the text or language is particularly complicated or difficult to understand. You can break down each quatrain and the couplet and use your own words to summarize the meaning of each part. For each Spenser sonnet, use a chart like the one shown to help you summarize the central ideas in each part of the poem. Sonnet 75† Part of Poem 1st quatrain 2nd quatrain 3rd quatrain couplet Central Idea Whenever I write my beloved’s name in the sand, the waves wash it away. Causes of Heartache separation Complete the activities in your Reader/Writer Notebook. sonnet 30 / sonnet 75 319 son net 30 Edmund Spenser a SUMMARIZE 5 10 My love is like to ice, and I to fire; How comes it then that this her cold so great Is not dissolved through my so hot desire, But harder grows the more I her entreat? a Or how comes it that my exceeding heat Is not delayed by her heart-frozen cold: But that I burn much more in boiling sweat, And feel my flames augmented manifold? What more miraculous thing may be told That fire which all things melts, should harden ice: And ice which is congealed with senseless cold, Should kindle fire by wonderful device. Such is the pow’r of love in gentle mind, That it can alter all the course of kind. What is the central idea in lines 1–4? 8 augmented manifold: greatly increased. 11 congealed: solidified. 14 kind: nature. 320 son net 75 Edmund Spenser 1 strand: beach. 5 10 One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it away: Again I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. Vain man,† said she, â€Å"that dost in vain assay, A mortal thing so to immortalize. For I myself shall like to this decay, And eke my name be wiped out likewise. † â€Å"Not so,† quod I, â€Å"let baser things devise To die in dust, but you shall live by fame: My verse your virtues rare shall eternize, And in the heavens write your glorious name, Where whenas death shall all the world subdue, Our love shall live, and later life renew. † b 5 assay: try. 8 eke: also. 9 quod: said. b SPENSERIAN SONNET Note the words Spenser uses in his end rhymes. In what ways are they related to the central ideas in this sonnet? onnet 30 / sonnet 75 321 After Reading Comprehension 1. Recall In â€Å"Sonnet 30,† to what does the speaker compare himself and his beloved? 2. Recall In â€Å"Sonnet 75,† what happens when the speaker writes his lover’s name in the sand? 3. Paraphrase In â€Å"Sonnet 75,† how does the speaker’s lover describe him and his actions (lines 5– 6)? RL 2 Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text. Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact. L 5a Interpret figures of speech (e. g. , paradox) in context and analyze their role in the text. Text Analysis 4. Identify Paradox A paradox is a statement that seems to contradict ordinary experience but actually reveals a hidden truth. What paradox does Spenser develop in â€Å"Sonnet 30†? 5. Examine Spenserian Sonnet Reread lines 13–14 of â€Å"Sonnet 30. † Does this couplet suggest that the speaker has overcome the heartache expressed in the preceding quatrains? Support your answer. 6. Summarize Central Ideas in Poetry Look over the charts you created as you read. On the basis of the ideas you noted, what would you say is the theme or themes of each poem? 7. Draw Conclusions In these two sonnets, how would you characterize the speaker’s views about the following? †¢ a beloved woman (â€Å"Sonnet 75,† lines 9–12) †¢ romantic love (â€Å"Sonnet 30,† lines 13–14; â€Å"Sonnet 75,† lines 13–14) †¢ the value of his poetry (â€Å"Sonnet 75,† lines 11–14) 8. Compare Texts In â€Å"Sonnet 75,† Spenser allows the speaker’s lover to respond directly to the speaker. Compare her statements with those of the nymph in Raleigh’s â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd† (page 316). In what ways are their responses similar? Text Criticism 9. Critical Interpretations The poet John Hollander has written that some literary scholars have found Spenserian sonnets â€Å"somewhat syrupy beside Shakespeare. † Do you think most contemporary readers would consider these sonnets by Spenser â€Å"syrupy†? Cite examples from the sonnets to support your answer. What makes your heart ache? Heartache, or classic love sickness, is part of falling in love. Why does being â€Å"madly† in love have to involve the sadness of heartache? 22 unit 2: the english renaissance Language grammar in context: Use Sensory Details In â€Å"Sonnet 30,† Spenser reinforces his images of fire and ice by using adjectives and verbs that appeal to the senses. Here is an example: Or how comes it that my exceeding heat Is not delayed by her heart-frozen cold: But that I burn much more in boiling sweat, And feel my ? ames augmented manifold? (lines 5–8) Notice how the adjective boiling and the verb burn intensify the images. Such sensory details are especially effective when applied to subjects such as fire and ice, which have strong sensory associations. Spenser effectively uses these details to heighten the disparity between the two lovers’ feelings. PRACTICE Rewrite each of the following sentences, changing or adding adjectives and verbs to help create stronger sensory images. example L 5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. W 1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts. W 3d Use precise words and phrases and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, or characters. As the director posted the final cast list on the board in the school theater, I waited in anticipation. As the director posted the final cast list on the worn corkboard in the school theater, I stood as still as a stone, barely breathing in anticipation. 1. The room filled with applause each time the speaker made a good point. 2. When the movie ended, we walked to our favorite restaurant and discussed what we had just experienced. 3. I remained on the waiting-room couch while my grandfather met with his doctor. reading-writing connection YOUR Expand your understanding of heartache by responding to this prompt. Then, use the revising tips to improve your letter. TURN writing prompt WRITE A LETTER We have all known someone who has suffered from heartache. Suppose that you are a friend of the speaker in â€Å"Sonnet 30. † Would you console him or encourage him to move on? Using examples from the sonnet, write a two-paragraph letter with your advice to the speaker. revising tips †¢ Make sure some of the details you cite include sensory details. †¢ Read your letter again. Did you answer all the questions in the prompt? Interactive Revision Go to thinkcentral. com.

Goree Island Book Review Essay Example

Goree Island Book Review Essay Example Goree Island Book Review Paper Goree Island Book Review Paper Review: Goree Island: Island of No Return, Saga of the Signares by Richard Harrison Goree. Gold Leaf Press, Mt. Clemens, MI. 1996. Often times a search for family history can lead to confusing twists and turns or shocking revelations. In the case of Richard Goree, the search for his family’s past led to a novel with much important knowledge for the rest of the world. Goree Island is a story revealing the importance of signares in economic success during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and colonial period in Africa. Elevating themselves to respected and revered statuses, these mulatto women were considered the grease that kept the European (particularly French) economic machines moving. During the colonial period in Africa, mulatto (half white/half African) women came to power as the go-betweens for traders by utilizing their lighter complexion to initially gain a level of inherent trust. When an incoming trading ship ported at Goree Island, the French stationed there would send these women, signares, to the important shipmen on board in hopes that the gift of the company of these women would put them in a better mood to trade. : Throughout the years these women became vital to the success of the French at Goree Island. In a course about the history of African women the signares are bound to come as up as an essential part of the slave trade era. However, one of the main points of this book was primarily on everyday life and interactions between signares and other individuals; including their effects on the island’s economy, social and diplomatic relationships and ceremony. When Goree Island was a high traffic port for trading, the most important activities surrounding a ship’s arrival would be centered around the signares. When word of an incoming English ship came in to Monsieur de Drouin, he was extremely concerned about the incoming shipmen’s impressions of their signares. Without the involvement of these signares it is unknown how the transactions would have gone, but what is known is the length of preparations that were made to ensure their visitors were pleased and in return were generous in trade. Sasha and Helene-Marie, both Mothers of the signares at different times, were given the privilege of slave labor to build a stone parlor for their entertaining purposes. This was completely out of the ordinary for French society, however exceptions to the French rules were made daily for the signares, as shown by Andre Bruie’s conversation with a newly arrived factor. â€Å"They have the connections [signares]. So, if the rules don’t provide for them, then the rules must at least give them room to do what they do best† (115). The importance of signares was not underestimated in Goree Island and is evidenced by the French’s willingness to budge on previously unfathomable aspects of life, race relations. Another main point of this book is that the signares were not simply handed their positions but they were acquired through hard work and cunning. The aforementioned stone parlor was earned by Helene-Marie through an invention that was adapted by the French in their prisons on the island. After asking for permission to use slave labor, Bruie responded to her â€Å"she could have the men do it if she could secure them and still give them room to do the work. Then I laughed and dismissed the idea, she came back one week later with this† (116). He was referencing a collard invention that Helene-Marie devised in only one week. This shows that the signares were innovative enough to have created their own opportunities and acquire the position they are in by their own actions. The greatest contribution to helping understand the signares life choices was an early interaction between Helene-Marie and a young Sasha. Sasha inquired if Helene-Marie ever asked for anything in return from the European men they visited. Helene-Marie scolded Sasha for asking such a question and continued to enforce the fact that they are to expect nothing in return and to be obedient to their guests. This dialogue between the two is important to understanding that from a young age the signares were trained for their future. Once the signares had established their position on the island it was important to teach the young mulatto women and future signares their roles at a young age because often times it was unknown how young they were going to be requested by the traders. One of the things I would have liked to have added in this book would have been stories of interactions between the signares and the visiting traders. It was shown on more than one occasion that signares can become emotionally attached to their traders so there has to be some sort of poignant connections happening between them. These exchanges would also provide additional insight on how the signares were able to climb to the social position they have achieved.

TransAsia plane crashes in Taiwan river

TransAsia plane crashes in Taiwan river A TransAsia Airways plane carrying 53 people, including two children and five crew members, crashed in a river in Taiwan’s capital. At Least 13 People killed and Carrier loses the second aircraft in last 8 months. The first deadly incident for TransAsia in the past   year    was a plane   crashed July 23 near the airport at Magong on Taiwan’s Penghu island during a thunderstorm. As a result, 48 deaths and 10 people were injured. A TransAsia plane crashed shortly Wednesday morning and fall into a river just minutes after takeoff.  TransAsia Flight GE235, an ATR 72-600 turboprop, took off from Taipei at around 10.53am and was on its way to the island of Kinmen when the incident    happened. At least   27 people have been rescued from the plane’s wreckage. A number of people have been sent to the hospital, and the death toll has been steadily rising throughout the day. According to CNA, 31 passengers aboard the flight were Chinese tourists from Xiamen. A TransAsia media office declined to comment on possible reasons for the crash, deferring to a news conference scheduled for later on Wednesday. The causes of the disaster were not immediately clear but FlightRadar24.com, a specialist website, said the      plane had attempted to   turn back before its crash and had been in the air for less than three minutes. TransAsia Airways CEO Chen Xinde told reporters that TransAsia Airways expressed its deep apology to the victims and our crew. Dramatic pictures taken by a motorist and posted on Twitter showed the plane cartwheeling over the motorway soon after the turboprop ATR 72-600 aircraft took off in apparently clear weather on a domestic flight. Another video broadcast on Taiwanese television appeared to show the plane striking a bridge before crashing. Rescue operations are ongoing and first responders in rubber boats are currently trying to enter the aircraft.

Organizational analysis YOUR EXPERIENCE Coursework

Organizational analysis YOUR EXPERIENCE - Coursework Example As seen in the work of Niebrà ³j & KosiÅ„ska (2003) present day must be focused on the patient as opposed to the nurses. This refers to the general well-being of the patient. The nurse leader I worked with was the team leader and ensured that we all worked as a team regardless of the situation at hand. This ensured that the patients accessed quality healthcare at the required time. The authors also continue to argue that team work can simply be realized if there is a leader present to propagate the same (Niebrà ³j & KosiÅ„ska, 2003). This leads to efficient nursing especially if the leadership style is of good quality. The nurse leader I worked with was a good communicator and made sure that we were always conversant with our roles whilst on duty at all times. Since the patient is the main reason behind the existence of medical care, it is important that the nurse leader facilitates easy access of medical care at all times by the patients. This relates to the autonomy princip le proposed by Niebrà ³j & KosiÅ„ska (2003). Question2-Briefly describe the types of leadership/management experiences or events that you observed or in which you participated. Relate your observations to your leader’s management position and leadership styles. Provide rationale to support your responses. The types of leadership/management experiences or events that I observed from the nurse leader include her desire to lead our team and come up with strategies for attaining the team’s visions. This relates to the work of Frankel  (2008) who relates these factors to effective leadership. At many instances, the nurse leader was quick to solve problems that arose from the team members. This, she did, so as to cultivate group dynamics within the group through problem solving. The leader was also very inspirational especially when our team lacked the morale to move forward especially in the case of targets set. Her passion and love for her job motivated us

Applied Logic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Applied Logic - Assignment Example This is because the individual who utilizes their free will do not necessary need constructed law for them to act responsible. In supporting this, we can argue that individual with free will are self-determined and accountability of their actions. This people also are capable of overcoming outside force hence enabling them to valid reasoning. For that reason, we can say free will is essential at helping us comprehend that we are in control of choice we made in life and thus our destiny. Hence, individual must be capable of thinking free and decide free without being constrained by certain external factors. Human beings have the capability of thinking free and decide free compared to other animal (Lynch pg. 132). Besides this, and individuals can claim accountability for their actions, and this makes human uniqueness. Hence, free will are much interrelated with applied logic as free will is the foundation of applied logic as it helps individuals to be self-determined and accountability of their actions. The concept of reality has been controversial since the times of great philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle particularly due to the continuous dominance of perceptions in the reasoning process as individuals strive to identify and understand what is real. Reality can be defined as the totality of all things including events, both observable and non-observable phenomena as well as actual and conceptual structures (Simon 01). In deliberating ontological matters, analytical philosophers circumvent the use of the term â€Å"real† since there is an overall argument that reality is what one can get away with, and it is significantly influenced by our perception. Simply put, it is what the world vision endeavors to map, whether based on personal or communal human experience. In lieu of this, there is no objective reality; it is subject to personal interpretation since our cultural and

Information Systems Paper Essay Example for Free

Information Systems Paper Essay Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the special services agency of United States of America, formed to serve the department of Justice and provide internal intelligence services. To assist them serve with â€Å"Fidelity, Bravery and Integrity†, FBI departments are equipped with technically updated Information Systems. They are committed to deliver actively reliable and efficient information systems to centrally connect all its departments and records they collect. With central databases, FBI information Systems provide relevant information to criminal justice agencies, special agents, national and local justice courts and FBI agents, who are committed to prevent any criminal or terrorist activity within their areas of operations. FBI’s information systems include (FAS, 2008): †¢ â€Å"Counterdrug Information Indices System (CIIS)† †¢ â€Å"Central Records System† †¢ â€Å"Electronic Surveillance (Elsur) Indices† †¢ â€Å"Identification Division Records System† †¢ â€Å"National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC)† †¢ â€Å"National Crime Information Center (NCIC)† †¢ â€Å"Security Access Control System (SACS)† National Crime Information System (NCIC) NCIC is a centrally connected criminal record system that provides important information, like criminals’ records and reported cases, to central law enforcing agencies and all policies departments across the country. By maintaining all the records centrally, NCIC provides 24/7 365 days information to all geographically distributed departments, that enables real time processing of any suspect arrested, any property detained or any lost person recovered. This information system is protected physically, technically and administratively. Through passwords, security alarms and other safety procedures, only authorized persons are allowed to view and alter any record. All the information in NCIC is provided by FBI, criminal justice agencies and local courts. FBI has the right to control, alter or distribute any such information, it finds appropriate for the concerned party. All the information included recorded in NCIC is quite sensitive, and is subjected to authority, scrutiny and relevance. In case if this system is cracked, hacked, or physically assaulted, loss of information would be tremendous, and could be disastrous for the social structure and peace of the society. Criminal Justice authorities will lose major source of their information, and the country will be vulnerable to criminal activities, since there would be no track left. In case of termination of services of NCIC, all law enforcing agencies will be affected, as they won’t be able to endure their regular practices. In order to avoid any such situation, this computer system has strict physical security measures. Any person visiting the computer center is thoroughly scrutinized for his identity, scope of visit, and they are always accompanied by local staff personnel. Any sharing of information taking place, under the supervision of FBI officials, is documented and records of all such transactions are maintained. All the information is encrypted, and stored in a way it is planned to be. Moreover, all the data communication lines are dedicated for NCIC, and are heavily protected. There is no termination between these points. On the other hand, all external access points are also heavily protected. Authorization is provided to very limited officials, and only relevant information is provided. Moreover, both manual and automatic logs are maintained at both ends, and later exchanged to scrutinize the transactions.

The American Culture Essay example -- republicans, kennedy, clinton

Have you ever noticed the different policies and influences that have affected you and the generations before you? The American culture and influences have changed greatly over time. I believe that the policies and influences of American culture have changed since John F. Kennedy and Bill Clinton John F. Kennedy or as many people called him â€Å"Jack† was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts in a large and wealthy family with 9 other brothers and sisters. Growing up John was very sick and was in the the hospital for a long period of time. According to Kaplan, Howard S â€Å"600 kids in the Boston area were suffering from scarlet fever†. (1) Many kids were suffering from scarlet fever along with John F. Kennedy. John F. Kennedy was also suffering from a few other diseases including a stomach disorder and Addison’s disease. Despite having all of these illnesses it did not stop him from playing the one true thing he loved, sports. John and all of his other brothers were all very competitive when it came to sports. According to ED. Kelle S, John was very good at sports but unfortunately he â€Å"hurt his back playing football at harvard†.(6) John eventually joined the Navy during WW2, while on a mission a Japanese Destroyer shot at the cruise boat he was on. while his boat was sinking he saved one of his other soldiers and had to swim with him 2 miles to a near by island. Unfortunately his time in the service hurt his back even more and when he returned home he had to have back surgery. William Jefferson Blythe 3 was born August 19, 1946 in Hope, Arkansas. Bills father died 3 months before he was born in a car accident. Bills’ mother left him with his grandparents because she left to go to college to become a nurse. Bills’ g... ...Raffaelle. Detroit: Gale Group, 2003. Student Resources in Context. Web. 13 Feb. 2014 7. O'Brien, Steven G. "Bill Clinton." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 14 Feb. 2014. 8. "John F. Kennedy." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 14 Feb. 2014 9. William Jefferson Clinton (1946 - )." N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. 10. "The John F. Kennedy Administration." Presidential Administration Profiles for Students. Ed. Kelle S. Sisung and Gerda-Ann Raffaelle. Detroit: Gale Group, 2002. Student Resources in Context. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. 11. "John F. Kennedy." Image. John F. Kennedy Library. American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. 12. Greenberg, David. "Impeachment Trial of Bill Clinton." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 238-241. Student Resources in Context. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

What is Justice?

Plato was a Greek philosopher a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle. The three laid down the western philosophy. Plato was a mathematician and a writer of philosophical dialogues, was the founder of the first institution of higher learning in the western world. Plato was equally influenced by his mentors thinking just as what he saw as his teacher unjust death. Aristotle was a student of Plato and a teacher of Alexander the great. He was the man who created a comprehensive system of western philosophy, which was inclusive of aesthetics, morality, logic and science and finally politics. Plato who attended all Socrates’ trail got a trauma which led him to desire to design an idea society. Following his death Plato traveled wide in search of learning after which he established the Athens academy. Socrates appears as a character in most of Plato’s dialogues. Most of his writings are in form of dialogue it enabled him raise several points of view and let the Reader decide which is more varied. Plato had a great influence in philosophy as well as social and cultural science. Plato grew up in a family setting that enabled him have an interaction with city affairs. And desired to become a master of his own self and find out the state of publics affairs then as many were discontented with the constitution and a revolution took place. Having brought up in a family that hand a hand in leadership, who asked him to join them what he desired most. Plato expected the family to exercise justice instead of injustice. What is Justice? Justice is the concept of moral uprightness based on ethics, law and natural law. Justice can be equitable to fairness and equity. It is a key feature in the society. It is the fair ordering of this and persons and the first virtue of social institutions. It can be elaborated to be ones right to be protected and treated fairy according to the law; either in good or in wrong doing. Also as deciding carefully and fairly if one is guilty of what he or she is been accused of. Referring to shame I strongly agree that shame enhances the truthfulness of individuals due to fear of disrespect. In this way justice is achieved to the individuals concerned. This also enables many to develop the acquired virtue of justice. On other hand shame can make people be denied justice when the person involved fears to offer something to avoid disrespect. About females and justice they should be equally handled with men they shouldn’t be discriminated assuming they are sub-species. In the current world we have seen some women do better than their male counterparts meaning even the rest given a chance can do it. Justice should be ensured equally to all classes of people to the poor and the rich. Slaves are people like any other hence should not be eliminated when it comes to some matters. They can vote and those with leadership qualities should be allowed to go ahead and exercise them. State leadership is not for a chosen few families any one from which ever family as long as they have the capability can be given the mandate and not discriminated due to where they come from. As justice in the state is been sought, justice for individuals should also be sought. The state affair shouldn’t be run on the expense of the individual’s welfare. The individuals are the components of the society and state hence negligence on their affairs means neglecting the states justice. Justice according to Plato and Aristotle I have italicized philosophers’ remarks to distinguish then from the rest of the discussion] [In brief, Socrates says writing would bring harmless pleasure to old men and memories against the forgetfulness of old age] A pastime, Socrates, as noble as the other [wasting seeds during youth] is ignoble, the pastime of a man who can be amused by seri ous talk, and can discourse merrily about justice and the like. He meant as the idea of Socrates that the best and true way of writing is the in bold letter the principle of justice is communicating orally for the sake of instructions and engraving in the souls. This makes the principles become ones own and his legitimate offspring; though writing would keep the exact information for future generations. Justice is an old concept in existence and was discussed by several philosophers of the past. According to Plato justice is harmony of three things of the soul which includes desire, appetites and reason. Reason is what reign over both desires and appetites. ‘Plato likened it to a chariot pulled by to joined horses towards the sun where the horses are desire and appetite and the driver represents the reason that reigns. The sun represents the truly important goal in life. They have to be monitored not to fly too low or too close to the sun and doing so give a true balance to all elements. He believes through this balance justice can be achieved to all individuals. ’ Plato believed justice is implemented when the three types of human character performed their functions. Likewise justice of a state is not found in a part of it but the whole of the state; which only occurs when it systems are balanced. Also the justice of an individual is found when his elements are balanced. He refuted the fact that just was that which was mandated by the powerful, and that might is right as opposed to Thracymachus. Plato saw a just society as one that meets the needs of all its individuals not a few or some (Hooker, pp234). Taking the ideal of Plato’s mentor major ideal that justice would be an excellent character, he sought to explain that no excellence would be achieved through destructive means. He argued that the role of justice was to improve human nature, which involved only constructions. Justice according to Socrates implies superior character and intelligence while injustice is deficiency in these two areas. Hence just men are effective in action due to these two traits and are better and happier. In addition Plato defined justice in an excellent way as morality or righteousness, this includes the whole duty of man and involves individual induct towards others. In deed justice can be a quality of the soul, which most men set aside and fight for selfish desires and satisfaction. Aristotle denoted that the purpose of every human action was for achievement of good things. The things carried out by individuals are sough to give pleasure and happiness, others for the sake of honor and justice. He also distinguished between moral virtue and intellectual virtue; moral virtues are acquired and not inborn. He emphasized that people with virtues act virtuously and this is nit deniable. According to him justice is amoral virtue which includes lawfulness and fairness. Fairness calls for all privileges and responsibilities of individuals be equally and proportionally distributed. Aristotle concludes that pleasure is not the aim of human action because not every pleasure is good. He described happiness, as the unity between will and action, of intellect and reason. He concluded that human beings are happiest when guided by reason. Perfect happiness there of is gained by a unity of practical and theoretical wisdom (Scott, Para 4, 5 &10). In reference to justice, shame and reputations were termed as motivators of action in justice. Many people are able to express truth when unimpeded by shame. According to Aristotle shame was a pain concerning things that caused individual disrespect. Aristotle concluded that a true expert is the one who challenges city’s convectional justice and not constraint of shame and concern of reputation. In view of Aristotle he spoke of justice as a virtue, individual traits which have a lot of ground in social justice. On the contrary Plato terms justice as an overarching of virtues of individuals, meaning every thing that he would term as ethical came under the notion justice. In the modern usage justice only covers a part of morality, and we don’t count people as unjust when they neglect their children or lie. Plato builded around the idea of philosopher rulers which was his primary point. This led to the question, ‘then why do you need ideal state to begin with? The discussion begins with the key term justice which leads to creation of an ideal state. He says the reason for an ideal state is to guarantee the existence of justice. This never denoted that there can be no state without justice because human being are not self sufficient so they need a social environment and each person has specified tasks on which they should build on (republican, pp56-62). Though a person is not self sufficient combination of person – a state should fulfill the need of all its members. Plato condemned the fact that only the auxiliaries are got a chance to state leadership and the poor had no where near. His aim was to define justice though he used politics to do that. On the other hand Aristotle used politics to define politics itself. He begins his text by asking, why does the state exit? ‘ His answer was a state is a culmination of natural groupings that begins with the coming together of a man and a woman- a pair, get a family and form a household, which units form a village and villages into a state. ’ Lack of sufficiency just like in Plato’s view is the catalyst to rising up of unions among people. In politics he is not up to breaking down the society, he argues that there are different classes in society which are naturally defined. He devotes a lot of time to explain the ‘naturalness’ of salves and their importance in the society. Both Plato and Aristotle agree that some people can’t play an active role in politics. They upheld benefit of the community above those of individuals; today’s constitution includes a bill of rights that guarantee the rights of every individual. This is good for today’s citizens. In accordance to the three elements in human nature equally there are three classes in the society-Philosopher class or the ruling class which denotes reason; auxiliaries, a class of warriors and defenders of the country implying the spirit; and the appetite instinct of the community which includes farmers, artisans the lower class people of the society. Thus, weaving a web between the human organism and the social organism, Plato said this to assert that every person had a role in seeing that justice is done to all. Slavery is a contradicting issue between the philosophers and today’s society. Aristotle considered slavery natural when it came to politics; and in relation to slavery he undermined female population. Plato was a lot less discriminatory but this didn’t stop him from believing women were sub-species. This made woman fight endless battle to gain recognition they deserved, today its well acceptable that what men can do women can do better. Plato discussed the possibility of a luxurious state. Where the needs of the people are met and there is division of labor. And there is existence of military protection that is not a threat to the state itself and offers successful military protection. Plato asks if an unqualified good human being must appear to fall to bad now and then. This would be a person who is neither perfect in virtue and justice, nor one who falls into misfortune through vice and depravity; but rather, one who succumbs through some miscalculation. He must also be a person who enjoys great reputation and good fortune Enjoying a reputation means finding happiness which Aristotle on the other hand liken to performance of ones duty and is determine by ones degree of evolution. He disagrees with Plato’s view of sacrificing ones happiness for the interest of the community. Plato contrary to the theories of his student, like cephalous justice out to be treated as internal not something external. It is not an importation, or an accomplishment. He proved that justice is not dependent upon chance or an external force. He termed it as the right condition of a human soul. He concluded his debate by saying justice is the bond that joins men together in society. Aristotle on the other hand recognized the role of deliberations in a government, in particular democracy and the extent to which real justice depended on good deliberations (politics, pp410). He argued that democracy supports good life. Aristotle proposes that the private and the government assistance should be given to the poor as a way of trying to achieve self-sufficiency which denote justice. Aristotle’s ideal of justice appeared superior, upon further investigation but Plato’s was stronger. In conclusion both Plato and Aristotle had good points of view they agreed in most of their debates. This was as a result of originating from the same roots academically. These deliberations they made were for the good of the society. On the other hand they differ on several topic or views which enabled the society to take the better view as emphasized by their mentor Socrates. Justice should be for the good of the individuals and also the society. Work Cited Hooker R. Greek Philosopher Plato, 1996 retrieved on 25th Nov, 2008 from; http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PLATO.HTM Scott A, Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, 2002 retrieved on 25th Nov, 2008 from: http://www.angelfire.com/md2/timewarp/ethics.html River S, Pearson N.J, Politics Ancient Philosophy.2008 Ed. Forrest E. Baird and Walter Kaufmann. Upper Vol. 1 of Philosophic Classics. 442-453.

The Case of Online Learning

Students go to schools to learn. Through their reading on their textbooks, the inputs from the teacher, and their interactions with other kids, learning is facilitated, even enabled in traditional schools. The public school system is also built upon the notion that there is direct interaction between and among the teacher and the students for the impartation and facilitation of learning. With the growth of the Internet, several applications have been developed to cater to the needs of people who want to study on their own pace from the comforts of their home or wherever they want to study.As such, there are now a lot of online learning programs designed to facilitate the learning in online environments. As a testimony to the growth of online learning, there are now more than 3. 5 million students who are participating in various online learning platforms (National Postsecondary Student Aid Study, 2000). Some of these platforms serve to reinforce the interactions of teachers and stude nts in addition to classroom interactions. There are also companies that offer complete online degrees, thus deviating from the usual method of classroom learning.Institutions of higher learning in the United States, Europe and elsewhere in the world, are now offering online classes. According to a study of several academic leaders, it appears that students are satisfied with the results of online learning as much as with the traditional learning contexts. As it stands now, most of the institutions offering online learning are those that are for-profit. This is perhaps due to the high costs associated with maintaining the systems and personnel needed for the online learning classes. Perhaps when the costs of the system decrease, more institutions may offer online classes.It cannot be denied though that online learning programs are on the rise. Post-graduate degrees, particularly, are utilizing online learning programs (Nagy, 2005, p. 80). This paper seeks to look into the online lea rning phenomenon, the different issues arising from it and the way in online learning differs from traditional schools. Given the differences in approach, it would be necessary to analyze online learning and look at the areas where it works best and at the areas where it is not very effective. In comparison with traditional schools, there are marked differences in online learning settings.In the first place, students and teachers are no longer â€Å"physically present† to conduct the learning sessions and discuss about issues and concerns regarding different topics at hand. The level of discussion has been transferred from physical presence to virtual presence. Moreover, students and teachers alike can no longer see each other. Hence, they can no longer rely on visual and body clues whether they understood each other or not. The interaction tends to be limited to online interactions, which are largely driven by text and written communication.The Basics of Online Learning Onli ne learning is a high technology variation of distance learning through correspondence, which have been used by schools and educational institutions prior to the Internet’s widespread use and popularity. With online learning, there is a number of technology being used to facilitate the learning process. There are multi-media applications and presentation available through a CD-ROM or through a secure website, emails, blogs, wiki, chat, as well as podcasts and discussion boards among others being used for this purpose.Most of the time, these tools and equipment are used together to help maximize the learning process for the student. The usual approach in online learning is the establishment of a Virtual Learning Environment, which has a particular kind of user interface so that the student can navigate through the system more easily. A number of universities are now offering online college degrees in addition to the degrees being offered through the traditional programs that t hey have. Online certificate programs are also widely available.In addition to traditional schools and online classes, a lot of universities are also using the Internet to provide advice to students, counsel them, and make books and resources available to students wherever they may be (Salmon, 2000, p. 27). There is a trend towards blended learning, in which traditional classroom instruction and online learning are blended together. Through this approach, students are able to maximize their time during the class sessions and they also make use of multimedia to address different topics in their online classes.Usually, online learning boosts the student’s learning capabilities or help them do something specific. The multimedia content may have information only or in some cases, the multimedia applications also require the student to perform some activities or tasks related to the lessons being studied (Salmon, 2000, p. 31). Pedagogical Approaches used in Online Learning Online learning is similar to traditional schools in that it still has to use the pedagogical approaches although there are differences in the way that these approaches are applied to online learning.In the first place, the instructional design for online learning is also developed by an educator based on the curriculum being followed by the online course. The social constructivist pedagogy is also applied to online learning. Through the different technological tools available, the students and the teachers can collaborate together in different online activities. Through the use of forums, and other interactive tools such as blogs, the students and the teacher alike are able to create content for themselves and for the benefit of the whole class (Lambropoulos & Zaphiris, 2007, p.106). There is also a conversational model described by Salmon (2000, p. 24), which works best in online discussion forums occurring online. Through the online conversations and collaborations, online students can also develop the cognitive aspect of learning since the senses and the brain coordinates well in doing the online learning. Their learning process though is slightly modified because of the different situation in online learning. Yet, the emotions of students are also engaged in the process of learning online (Areskog, 1995, p. 37).The difficulty, however, is that detecting these emotions are not automatic and the teacher and students may have to rely on word clues as to the emotional state of a student. After all, nobody can see a person be affected emotionally through the texts being written in chat boxes. Truly, the realm of the physical is no longer present in online learning environments. The behavior of students in online learning environments is also a little more difficult to measure and gauge as they are not able to make a presentation in front of the whole class or catch the stare of the teacher.If a student is bored during an online class, the teacher has no clue whatsoev er except perhaps the lack of paragraphs and sentences being communicated by the student. Perhaps, the teacher or facilitator may be able to detect a bored and sleepy student if he makes an irrelevant remark. The context of online learning is also very different from traditional schools. At least, in traditional schools, students may be able to enjoy the full environment of the academe—the library, the laboratories, as well as interactions with different teachers and students.This is lacking in the online learning environment. True, the student may have additional learning opportunities online but the experience of being in an academe is still different. Although this is the case, online learning should enable a student to still interact with other people and help them embark on a joint pursuit of learning and discovery of knowledge. Likewise, the pressure emanating from other students is also important in the learning process.

Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay Example

Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay Example Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay Looking At The Historical Methods Of Social Work Social Work Essay The intent of this essay is to analyze the historical and political position of societal work proviso in relation to people with dementedness. It will research how the development of societal work pattern has transformed these groups, the impact of societal exclusion they experienced that lead to favoritism and/or subjugation and the benefit of listening to service users positions. The primary mission of societal work profession is to heighten human wellbeing and assist run into the basic human demands of all people, with peculiar attending to the demands and authorization of people who are vulnerable, laden and life in poorness ( Baker 1999 Pg 55 ) . Social work has an of import function to play in organizing attempts to back up people with dementedness who may frequently hold negative experiences of mental wellness services. As a consequence, it will be a challenge to supply effectual societal support to these groups in an environment where their positions are being seen as important and where they do non have services reasonably and uniformly ( SCIE July 2008 ) . The medical footings dementia has developed since the nineteenth century and was used to depict people whose mental disablements were secondary to get encephalon harm, normally degenerative and frequently associated with old age ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Before the nineteenth century, a individual with dementedness would likely hold been confined to the workhouses. ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . During this period, many sick persons were taken off to aA Workhouse Infirmary with medical attention on manus and given out-of-door alleviation ( Denney 1998 ) . Whereas charities began to emerge during this epoch nevertheless there were no good steps in topographic point to present societal work services ; no standard to find who the deserving and undeserving hapless were, hence aid provided were viewed as indiscriminate ( Howe 2009 ) . As the 1940s progressed, there were new developments and attacks in the intervention of people with mental upsets. Poor houses for impoverished aged people were easy replaced by old people s places ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . The period after the Second World War saw the development of the public assistance province. There was a national understanding that the province has an duty to supply full services in order to react to jobs of poorness, mental wellness, old age etc ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The execution of Beverage study published in 1942 directed at abolishment of sordidness, want, ignorance, disease and idling. The National Assistant Act 1948 laid a foundation upon which future societal work was built and created sections to run into the demands of different client groups ( Tibbs 2001 ) . During the late twentieth century, both conservative and New Labour statute law have an impact on Mental Health reformation. The constitution of Social Service Departments introduced in 1970 reviewed in Seebohm studies ( 1969 ) , enabled Local Governments to advance public assistance services for the aged which had non already been included within the model of some other statutory organic structure. ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The 1983 Mental Health Act introduced during the conservative government grade a farther move towards statute law to better affairs with statutory demands and processs for societal workers to be decently trained in order to transport out professional appraisals. The Act ensures professionals who work with aged people with dementedness and so those who suffer from mental upset have a basic apprehension of the Mental Health Act, even if they do non move as Approved Social Workers ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The function of carers have besides been important in the field of dementedness attention through the debut of The Carers Act 1995 A ; 2000, which gave statutory acknowledgment and right to carers, and funding through proviso of Direct Payment ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . The Mental Capacity Act 2005 is besides a relevant Act to people with dementedness and their carers. It includes the proviso of independent Mental Capacity Advocates ( IMCA ) to protect vulnerable people and dementedness sick persons to derive more control over their lives, program for the hereafter and have their retained abilities recognised. It is of import to turn to the impact of favoritism on these service groups as they suffer disablement and as a consequence are capable to degrading intervention from the comparatively powerful groups within the society. ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Research shows that the society s fright towards dementia causes them to avoid people with the status doing them experiencing stray and stigmatised ( BBC 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Thompson ( 2006 ) , favoritism is a procedure through which a difference is identified, and can be positive or negative. He suggests that negative favoritism besides involves doing a negative ascription and attaching devalued label to a individual. Dementia is one of the major causes of disablement in the aged, impacting personal attention, mundane cognitive activities and societal behavior. To be diagnosed as holding dementedness involves a great trade of stigma, frequently ensuing in disadvantage and loss of life opportunities by the sick persons. ( Kitwood 1997 ) . Although, dementedness is strongly associated to elderly but research shows that addition figure of people diagnosed with the ill-health are under 65 old ages of age and are referred to as young onset dementedness ( SCIE non dated ) . These service users are likely to see inequality because society and professionals fail to recognize that dementedness exists in this age group and they can go on to incorporate within the society ( SCIE non dated ) . They will hold different fortunes in life from older people with dementedness because they are more likely to be in paid employment, have immature kids and have fiscal committednesss. They will hold to stop employment as most services are non able to get by with their status which means publicity chance and pension entitlements are lost. ( Marshall et al 2006 ) . Feelingss of favoritism and subjugation may besides be a barrier to people inquiring for support ( Downs et al 2008 ) . From experience, some people from black minority cultural groups ( Asiatic and Black Community ) diagnosed with the ill-health would instead maintain it in the household than to acquire aid because they see it as being black ( BBC 2010 ) . Furthermore, accessing services can be complicated because there are no age-specific services available as most of the developed services are for older people with dementedness ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Lack of entree to services could ensue in excess load being placed on households when the attention needs exceed the ability to supply ( Downs et al 2008 ) . Emotional impact is one of the important factors experienced by dementedness sick persons. There is besides a bias with sick persons because of the association with lunacy and psychiatric upset that the label creates. ( Brooker 2007 ) . They besides experience societal isolation due to withdrawal of friends which diminishes their societal webs and inability to run into a sensed social outlook. ( Crawford 2004 ) . From experience with aged, people sometimes hold ageist position against them by the manner they talk to them e.g. name naming as sweet old lady . Harmonizing to the Alzheimer Society publication, ageist social attitudes compound the experience of aged people with dementedness who already appear to be prejudiced because of their age and rational diminution. ( Crawford 2004 ) . Health professionals frequently consciously or otherwise oppress elderly with dementedness because of their place of authorization which could forestall them from doing their ain pick thereby disempowering them ( Crawford 2004 ) . From experience, professionals sometimes in their attitudes assumed aged people with dementedness are incapable of supplying valid information or doing determination for themselves, by invariably concentrating their attending to their carers alternatively of the service users. They are frequently seen as being a load to the province economic system resources and are subjected to considerable commiseration as they are deemed to be out of their head Crawford ( 2004 ) . Research shows that it is frequently assumed that people with dementedness are non articulated plenty to show their sentiment or positions on any facet of their lives because of jobs with communicating through address ( Brooker 2007 ) . As a consequence, practicians inclined to trust on alternate positions, normally provided by household carers, instead than their position. However, the demands, experience and perceptual experience of the carer might be different from that of the individual they are caring. Authorization and giving voices to people with dementedness is a critical portion of anti discriminatory/oppressive pattern. ( Tibbs 2001 ) . The demands for communication and authorising dementedness sick persons by affecting them in determination devising became major considerations within societal plants field. It is anticipated that the Mental Capacity Act, 2005 will turn to some of these issues. Begum ( 2006 Pg 3 ) defined user engagement as participation of users of services in determinations that affect their lives . Peoples with dementia voices can be valued by advancing active engagement within attention relationship regardless of their age or cognitive damage rooting out prejudiced pattern. ( Marthorpe et al 2003 ) . Involving service users in determination devising frequently leads to increased self-pride and assurance. ( Chaston et al 2004 Pg 19 ) quotes that It is good to experience valued and to be person, non merely anybody Effective service hence must be provided to alter the demands of people with dementedness ( Cantley 2001 ) . One of the chief rules to see in societal work codification of pattern as stipulated by the General Social Care Council ( GSCC ) is the right of service users to be treated with self-respect and regard in order for them to do informed picks about the services they received. Practitioners must therefore acknowledge who they are, listen to their fortunes ; handle them as a alone individual with worthy of self-respect and regard. It is hence imperative that during intercession with service users with dementedness, wellness practicians should travel beyond safety to advance their pick, maintain independency, liberty and their ego finding Cantley ( 2001 ) . It is indispensable to promote these service user groups to show their positions and penchants in order to construct their personal strengths and assurance. Listening to them will supply them the chance to show their positions on how dementia affects them, what they consider of import in their lives, including how services should run into their wellness and societal attention demands ( Tibbs 2001 ) . Peoples with dementedness, either independently or in little groups, should be given the right to take part straight in service planning and development procedures ( Warren 2007 ) . Practitioners can supply a scope of methods and attacks which will enable them to do a pick that will act upon future service commissariats. They can be engaged to do determination through direct observation and pass oning utilizing specific tools or systems ( Warren 2007 ) . This will enabled the practicians to hold a better apprehension of single demands peculiarly, of people diagnosed with dementedness that have complex demands and communicating damage. Research shows that these service users groups can still joint their sentiments about their wellbeing and quality of attention even though they are badly cognitively impaired ( Mozley et al 1999 ) . For illustration, Talking Mat is an advanced method of leting their positions to be heard in order to do determination about pull offing different facet of their life ( SCIE non dated ) . They can besides be involved in activities through corporate attack which will supply them the chance to be in control by moving jointly to act upon services and the broader communities. Such activities are frequently combined with elements of equal support and authorise them through corporate engagement ( Cantley 2001 ) . It is besides of import to invent services that will carry through their demands by obtaining the necessary information from them, which could be by on occasion seting services that were designed to run into their demands as perceived by others. Information about their modus operandis, picks, penchants, civilization before, during and after they are diagnosed with the ill-health, which is of import to their well-being and at their best involvement must be documented in their attention program in order to run into their demands and to organize their attention support efficaciously. ( Cantley 2001 ) . Administrations such Alzheimer Society and Social Care Institute of Excellence supply support to carers and wellness professionals to better the quality of life of people affected with Dementia through web resources, free e-learning programmes etc in order for their voice to be heard ( Alzheimer s Society ) . Besides, The National Dementia Declaration for England has made a pledge to bett er services for service users and carers by guaranting that they have pick and control over the determinations that affect them and populate in a supportive environment ( Community Care 2010 ) . Overall, it can be concluded that over the old ages, there have been alterations in development of societal work proviso which has brought about of import statute laws to undertake the issues of favoritism and subjugation on people with dementedness. It has been evaluated that public and professional attitudes towards ageing and the ill-health are now altering quickly. It was besides recognised that through good societal work pattern, affecting dementedness sick persons in determination devising would heighten authorization ; advance their picks and self finding while keeping independency. This provided me with apprehension of how services positions are indispensable in bettering societal service commissariats. It is hence imperative to promote farther larning within societal work proviso to guarantee good pattern is sustained. 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